Toxic Foods for Dogs: What Foods Dogs Cannot Eat and Why

Most health problems in living beings are caused by eating toxic foods. So, some foods are not good for your dog to eat. These foods may cause life-threatening health conditions from kidney failure to seizures. Toxic foods may give them pleasure but will never benefit their health. We feed household goods to our dogs because we believe they are healthy, but many of these meals are quite harmful.

Some foods are perfect for humans but act like a poison for dogs because dogs' metabolisms do not act like human metabolisms. Dog owners always want the best for their companions but unknowingly they risk their health by offering scraps or treats, not all types of treats though. Treats made for dogs are not only safe for them but also healthy. Here we will educate you on what foods are bad for your dog and why.

Why are Certain Foods Toxic to Dogs?

Certain foods are toxic to dogs because of biological differences. Even a small amount of poisonous food can cause serious health conditions. Avoid experimenting with small amounts of potentially harmful foods, as even minimal exposure can be dangerous. Dog breeds, age, size, and pre-existing health conditions influence the impact of harmful foods. Smaller breeds or puppies are more vulnerable to poisoning because of their weaker immune system and immature organs. Here are some other reasons why certain foods are poisonous to dogs:

• Lack of Specific Enzymes: Dogs lack the enzymes needed to break down certain compounds resulting in the accumulation of a substance in their system that becomes toxic. For example, dogs do not have enzymes that efficiently break down theobromine (a compound in chocolate), leading to rapid heart rate, seizures, and even death.
• Liver Function Differences: There is a major difference in liver function between humans and dogs. The liver metabolizes and detoxifies harmful substances but dogs’ livers are less capable of processing some compounds.
• Red Blood Cell Damage: There are certain substances in some foods that dogs cannot have, which destroy their red blood cells leading to anemia.
• Digestive System Differences: Due to their shorter digestive tracts, dogs struggle to break down complex substances, increasing the risk of toxicity.

List of Toxic Foods for Dogs

There are many human foods that dogs cannot eat. These foods are poisonous to dogs because they are made according to the metabolism of humans, not dogs. If your dog ate toxic food, don’t panic; visit your vet as soon as possible. Here is the list of foods that dogs should not eat and why:

• Alcohol: Dogs are highly susceptible to ethanol and alcohol contains it. Alcohol depresses the central nervous system and can cause diarrhea, breathing difficulty, coma, and death. So, don’t try to give your dog some alcohol so he can enjoy it with you.
• Avocado: Avocado has persin in its pit, skin, and leaves. It causes vomiting and diarrhea in dogs, and its large pit is a choking hazard.
• Caffeine (Coffee, tea, Energy Drinks):Dogs can’t metabolize caffeine as efficiently as humans, leading to rapid heart rate, hyperactivity, tremors, and seizures.
• Chocolate: Dogs cannot eat chocolate because it contains theobromine and caffeine which causes vomiting, diarrhea, rapid heart rate, and even death. Dark chocolate and baking chocolate are especially dangerous.
• Grapes and Raisins: The reason why grapes and raisins are toxic to dogs is tartaric acid and it leads to severe problems like kidney damage. Its severity varies among dogs but even a small amount of grapes and raisins can be toxic to your dog.
• Citrus Fruits (Lemons, Oranges): Citrus fruits contain citric acid and essential oils. Its large amount can irritate the digestive system and nervous system.
• Cooked or Brittle Bones: Since our childhood, we have seen in cartoons that bones could be stuck in dogs’ throats and it is true. These bones do not have any toxins but they can cause physical damage. Cooked bones can splinter and cause choking, internal injuries, or blockages.
• Fatty Foods (Bacon, Fat Trimmings): There is no toxin in it but fatty foods can trigger pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, which can be life-threatening.
• Macadamia Nuts: While the exact toxin in macadamia nuts is unknown, they are known to affect the nervous system in dogs.
• Milk and Dairy Products: Dairy products contain lactose in them. Many dogs lack lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose, leading to diarrhea, gas, and stomach upset.
• Nutmeg : It contains a toxin called Myristicin. It is a psychoactive compound that can cause hallucinations and disorientation.
• Onions, Garlic, and Chives: These foods contain thiosulfate, which damages red blood cells and results in anemia. Even a small amount of onion powder can be dangerous for your dog.
• Raw Dough with Yeast: Produces ethanol during fermentation, which can cause alcohol poisoning. Raw dough also expands in the stomach, leading to bloating and life-threatening complications.
• Raw or Undercooked Meat and Eggs: It contains bacteria and avidin (in raw eggs). Bacteria cause food poisoning and avidin interferes with biotin absorption, leading to skin and coat issues. Its effects are vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and nutrient deficiencies.
• Raw Potatoes and Green Tomatoes: There is a toxin called Solanine, found in raw potatoes and green tomatoes. It interferes with the nervous system and digestion.
• Salt (Large Quantities): Its toxin is sodium which can cause sodium ion poisoning only by giving excessive salt. It also results in tremors, diarrhea, and death. Avoid giving them salty snacks to escape sodium.
• Spices: Many common spices are harmful to dogs. For example, chili peppers have capsaicin in them which irritates the digestive system and causes drooling and abdominal pain.
• Xylitol (Sugar Substitute): Xylitol is a toxin found in sugar-free gums, candies, baked goods, and some peanut butter brands. Xylitol's effect on dogs is severe because it triggers rapid insulin in dogs, leading to hypoglycemia and potential liver damage.

Foods Dogs Should Avoid

Some foods are not toxic in small amounts but dogs should avoid them. For instance, some dogs drink milk but most dogs are lactose-intolerant so milk for such dogs is not a good option. Your dog only wants human foods just out of curiosity and he won’t eat that food unless you watch him. It is better for your dog that you don’t bring such foods in front of him. Here is a list of foods that dogs should avoid:

• Dairy Products
• Fatty Foods
• Cooked Bones
• Raw Meat and Eggs
• Spicy Foods
• Salt and Salty Foods
• Citrus Fruits
• Corn on the Cob
• Raw Potatoes and Unripe Tomatoes

Symptoms of a Dog Eating Toxic Food

Toxic food reactions in dogs depend on the type of food, quantity consumed, and individual characteristics of the dog. Its symptoms range according to the health issue because of eating the wrong foods. It is better to consult your vet if your dog shows any severe symptoms. Here is a list of symptoms of a dog eating bad food from mild to severe.

• Gastrointestinal issues like vomiting, mild diarrhea, and excessive drooling.
• Behavioral changes such as lethargy, restlessness, and disinterest in their usual meal.
• Mild bloating, frequent licking of lips, and minor coughing or gagging.
• Increased thirst and urination.
• Pale gums and bad breath.

Severe Symptoms:

• Severe vomiting, diarrhea, and extreme drooling.
• Neurological signs like tremors, seizures, disorientation, and coma.
• Irregular heart rate, fainting, and bluish gums.
• Difficulty in breathing and excessive panting.
• Swelling in the abdomen or limbs and jaundice.
• Extreme lethargy, signs of pain, and unusual aggression.

Long-Term Health Risks of the Wrong Diet

Many dog problems start because of a wrong diet. You can take care of them by visiting your vet, but first, you should know about them. Here is a guide about long-term dog problems caused by a poor diet:

• Obesity and Related Issues: Obesity in dogs from the wrong diet is because there are fats and high calories present in that diet. It further leads to joint problems, heart disease, and diabetes.
• Malnutrition: The impacts of poor nutrition in dogs are serious because it causes poor immunity, muscle loss, weakened bones, and skin problems.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Feeding the wrong foods can disrupt digestion. This further leads to chronic illness and pancreatitis in dogs.
• Organ Damage: Certain foods can damage vital organs like the kidneys, liver, and heart.
• Behavioral Changes: Poor diet impacts a dog’s mental and behavioral health, causing hyperactivity or lethargy.
• Reduced Lifespan: A harmful diet weakens overall health and immunity, making dogs more susceptible to infections and diseases, ultimately shortening their lifespan.

Tips for Preventing Toxic Food Ingestion

There are many easy solutions to the question, “How to prevent dogs from eating harmful food?” Here are some final tips on safe feeding for dogs:

• Store food securely so your dog cannot reach it. Close trash cans and use pet-proof containers for foods toxic to dogs.
• Inform everyone about the harmful foods for your dog and don’t let your guests feed anything to your dog.
• Avoid feeding dogs from your plate and dispose of any food waste in sealed containers to prevent your dog from eating food that dogs should never eat.
• Teach your dog the “leave it” command so they leave it on your saying, also praise and reward them when they obey your command.
• Use pet-safe treats that are specially made for dogs and also feed them the best quality food.
• Don’t leave your food unattended where your dog can reach it.
• Keep watch on your dog during the walk and watch your garden for certain plants and fruits harmful for your dog.
• Consult your vet regularly and ask about a good diet plan too.

For dog owners seeking safe and healthy treats, consider single ingredient options like Happy Olly’s Freeze-Dried Pumpkin Bits and Banana Slices, designed specifically for pets with sensitive diets.

FAQs

Why do some dogs eat grass?

Dogs eating grass is a common behavior and it's not a concern. It happens because of many reasons like instinct, out of boredom, and as a habit. Dogs eat grass as a digestive aid too because it contains fibers that help with digestive issues and promote bowel movements. You only have to worry when your dog eats too much grass frequently and vomits or gets sick after eating it. It’s best to visit your vet at such times.

Are artificial sweeteners safe for dogs?

No, artificial sweeteners are not good for dogs because they mostly contain xylitol which is toxic to dogs. It is the most dangerous artificial sweetener found in sugar-free gum, candy, baked goods, toothpaste, and some peanut butter brands. It causes liver damage and rapid insulin release.

How can I teach my dog to avoid harmful foods?

Teach your dog basic commands like “leave it” or “No” by letting them sniff a treat in your hand then say “leave it” or “No” firmly and close your fist. Reward them with their favorite food or treat when they stop trying to take that food. Also, teach your dog the “Wait” command so he doesn't try to eat from your plate. Make sure to feed your dog regularly, a well-fed dog is less likely to scavenge or beg for food.